The
Beech D-17 Staggerwing downloadable from Fiddlers Green

When the Beech Staggerwing biplane appeared in 1932, its distinctive
feature was the negative stagger arrangement of its wings.
Most contemporary biplanes had positive stagger, which meant that
the upper wing was located some distance ahead of the lower.
Walter Beech turned things around for a good reason. By having
the lower wing forward, he was able to attach the landing gear
directly to the lower wing in the manner of some low-wing monoplanes
instead of to the fuselage, as was standard biplane practice.
That made it possible to retract the landing gear into the wing,
which gave the Beech 17 a big boost in performance.
Positive stagger was such a common feature of biplanes that no
special mention was made of it. The use of negative stagger on
the Beech was a rarity worthy of note. The airplane was initially
described as the "negative-stagger Beech," but over
the years the word "negative" was dropped and the term
"Staggerwing" emerged to label the Beech 17.
All of which leads to the inevitable questions. Why have stagger
in the first place? What does it accomplish?
According to the old aerodynamics textbooks, stagger contributes
somewhat to longitudinal stability and also to maneuverability,
which would seem to make it an asset on fighters and special aerobatic
ships. The fact that some famous fighters like the World War I
Spad did not use it, plus the fact that the stagger was in use
long before maneuverability become a competitive factor, would
indicate that there are other reasons for its existence.
One reason is the simple matter of access, particularly in small
airplanes. Take something like today's Smith Miniplane homebuilt
as an extreme example. With the pilot seated almost on the center
of gravity, he'd be under the upper wing if the plane had no stagger.
With such a narrow wing gap, he wouldn't be able to get in or
out without a big cutout in the side of the fuselage. Staggering
the upper wing positively - that is, moving it ahead - plus a
cutout in the rear of the center section allows the pilot to sit
further aft.
It should be noted that few big biplanes, from single-engine mail
planes and bombers, had staggered wings. There was plenty of room
between the top wing and the fuselage on these bigger ships for
the crew to be able to climb into the cockpits. The passenger
transports had doors in the side of the fuselage, so gap was no
problem.
The
military had considerations other than maneuverability. Early
observation planes had the observer in the front seat, and his
downward view was enhanced by the positive stagger that put the
lower wing further back.
Some fighters, such as the de Havilland 5 and the Sopwith Dolphin
of World War I, had negatively staggered wings to improve the
pilot's visibility in the critical upward-forward area, normally
a blind spot on conventional single-seaters where the pilot sat
behind the upper wing. However, despite that particular advantage,
negative stagger remained rare on fighters.
What about biplanes with no stagger? There were plenty, particularly
in the larger sizes as mentioned. The term "orthogonal biplane"
was used to describe them. The word eventually took on a more
specific meaning and was used to identify an unstaggered biplane
with equal chord (and span) on both wings.

Before it's ready for release, every model
is printed and built 12 or 15 times to check for fit and
workability. These are a few of Glen's Betas- the additional
betas built at FG studios aren't even show here. |
Purchase Information
$5.95
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Brilliant design work of a difficult
model made easy-to-builld by Dr Glen Volyn, Idaho.
Model comes in two sizes with the largest having
a wingspan of 11 inches (1:32 scale) and in BW +
several markings.
Back to Light Aircraft
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Thumbnails of the 4 sheet set of files. Larger
version has a span of 11" with a scale of 1:35
The Beechcraft Staggerwing model is just
a bit more complex than usual Fiddlers Green models. Quite
a lot of assembly notes and instructions are included
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Of course, Very Good Instructions (VGI)
are included with the model.
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Here's a shot of the Beechcraft at my private
aerodrome.
I remember this plane quit well, I thought they put the
wings on wrong! [ I was only five.] Thought I had a photo
of my mother and me at five, standing next to one. I found
the photo, but it was a Waco. Dick
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What people say...
OOOPPPSS...did
I build it too soon? Your Staggerwing set off a bunch of positive
comments at last night's IPMS meeting. Sent you a picture.
The model went together quickly. The simplistic yet realistic
spring gear design is impressive. Bob Penikas
Attached Photo: The only paper model airplane
on tonight's IPMS Orange County Chapter competition paper
model table. I had brought your regular size Staggerwing along
to show the paper guys. Nothing extra added, none of my "extra
steps" I just wanted to see how it assembled before attempting
a larger B&W version on heavy, colored, cover stock for
next month's meeting. Thank you, Bob Penikas
Very nice! Thank you.
Those big Staggerwings are classics. RJC
Thanks for the staggerwing,
it's uncanny the way you seem to be releasing all MY favourite
planes, you couldn't have done better if I'd sent you a list.
Wishing you all the best. Dave
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Very few pre-war biplanes had enclosed
cabins and fewer still had a retractable undercarriage; the four-seater
Beech-17 'Staggerwing’ had both. It was something of a misnomer
as many biplanes had upper and lower wings staggered but the Beech
reversed the usual layout by staggering the upper pair behind the
lower. With this configuration, the pilot enjoyed an excellent field
of view without the restrictions of the upper wing. Most 'Staggerwings'
flying today are ex-USAAF C-43 Travelers powered by a 45O hp Pratt
& Whitney Wasp junior offering a cruising speed of 200 mph.
Stagger...Why
have it, and what does it accomplish?
0ne of the nearly forgotten words in this age of monoplanes is "stagger."
It has nothing to do with the erratic progress of a drunk down the
street; it's a term that describes the longitudinal relationship
of one wing of a biplane with the other. The word appears most frequently
today in reference to this classic Beechcraft Model 17 biplane.
A
Waco cabin biplane, typical of all the 1931-41 Custom and
Special lines. Like all Wacos and most other biplanes, this
one has a positive stagger, with the upper wing located ahead
of the lower. Note the pilot's position- his downward view
is fine, but his upward view is less than great without a
skylight in the roof. |
The
famous Staggerwing, the Beech D-17s biplane on which the lower
wing is located forward of the upper wing. This arrangement
is known as negative stagger. Downward view for the pilot
is somewhat reduced compared to the Waco, but his upward vision
is greatly improved. |
Many
biplanes were built with no stagger. When the wingspan and
the chord were equal, and the gap between the wings equaled
the chord, as on this Douglas M-1, the configuration was
called an 'orthogonal' biplane.
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Most
triplanes had their wings in alignment, but there were a few
oddities, such on this experimental World War I Nieuport.
At the height of the 1917 triplane craze, Niuport tried three
wings on the fuselage of its standard Model 17 biplane fighter
and come up with this "double stagger" gem. |
SPECIFICATIONS
for the Beech-17 Staggerwing |
The Beech Staggerwing won a major race as a
production plane, with women pilots!, anazingly, it was as fast
as most fighters of it's day !! |
A17F:
Useful Load 1915 lb Span 34 ft 4 in Length (overall) 24 ft 2
in High Speed 240 mph Cruise Speed 212 mph Landing Speed 65
mph Range 780 sm Powerplant Wright R-1820-F11 (650 hp) |
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C17L:
Useful Load 1340 lb Span 34 ft 4 in Length (overall) 24 ft
2 in High Speed 175 mph Cruise Speed 166 mph Landing Speed
45 mph Range 560 sm Powerplant Jacobs (225 hp) |
17R:
Useful Load 1800 lb Span 34 ft 4 in Length (overall) 24 ft 2
in High Speed 201 mph Cruise Speed 180 mph Landing Speed 60
mph Range 960 sm Powerplant Wright R-760 (420 hp) |
Looking at this photo of the Staggerwing Assembly
Line, you can see how the cardmodel has reflected the actual
Staggerwing structure.. Especially the wing root area. |

Here are a couple photos of early Staggerwing
models-Floats and Pants |
Beechcraft Staggerwings were decoratated in
many different schemes |
The Stagger wing usually had the typical lightning
markings along the fuselage |
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These are photos of the Beech C17 on display at the NASM |
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The following text is about the Beechcraft Staggerwing from the
Aero Digest, December 1932 when the Staggerwing was brand new.
Images are from the article as well. Mega thanks to Rob Tauxe for
the photocopy..
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SPEED and sturdiness are suggested by the new Beechcraft offered
by the Beech Aircraft Co. of Wichita, Kans. The suggestion
of speed is backed by a guaranteed high speed of 200 miles
per hour. On November 11 the top speed was clocked at 201.2
miles per hour.
A gross weight of 4500 pounds permits the
carrying of a pilot, three passengers and 175 pounds of baggage
with full fuel load of 145 gallons of gas and 10 gallons of
oil. Four passengers in addition to the pilot may be accommodated
by reducing the quntity of gasoline to 115 gallons. The power
plant is a 420-horsepower "F' type Wright with rear exhaust
stacks. The fuel capacity of 145 gallons provides for a cruising
range of 1000 miles at 165 to 175 miles per hour. The rate of
climb is 1600 feet per minute at sea level with full load. This
ship has been stress analyzed for, and will be powered with,
a 650-horsepower Wright twin-row radial engine as soon as it
is commercially available.
One of the most distinctive features is the negative staggering
of the wings, an arrangement which makes for good visibility,
as the pilot's head is forward of the upper wing leading edge.
Aerodynamically, the negative stagger produces some good characteristics-the
lift curve is flat at high angles of attack, showing no signs
of falling off sharply, even at an angle of 30 degrees. In the
past, the general belief has been that at high angles of attack
the lower wing would "blanket" the upper wing. Wind
tunnel and flight tests indicate that when located a considerable
distance ahead, the lower wing actually straightens out the
air stream for the upper wing, making it more efficient at high
angles than the conventional positive staggered arrangement.
The lower wing is far enough forward to permit a smooth fairing
for the landing gear to grow out of. Structurally
the negative stagger also has advantages-the highest loads
are carried by the upper front spar which is deeper; flying
wires pass through the lower wing and are fastened at the
bottom of the landing gear; this results in a rigid structure
as the wires make a large angle with the spars. Flying wires
are fastened only to front spars and the rigging can be changed
without loosening any wires. All tie rod terminals are inside
and accessible through inspection covers. Wing root and other
fairings are constructed as part of the cover. The fuselage
is metal covered and the portion to the rear of the cabin
in insulated. Haskelite plywood is used extensively throughout.
The length of roll on the ground is reduced
by the use of the di-celerator and is further shortened by
an efficient brake system. The large groend angle of 18 degrees
is approximately three degrees greater than the angle of maximum
lift, and therefore once the tail is on the ground, there
is little chance of the ship's rebounding into the air.
The two-unit type landing gear, with oleo type shock absorbers
having an eight-inch travel and 9.50 by 12 low pressure tires,
is covered with fairing that extends up to the lower wing.
Landing lights are faired into the intersection of the fairing
with the wing. Wheels may he pulled up into the pants after
take-off by means of an electrically operated mechanism. Safe
landings can be made with wheels retracted because approximately
six inches of the wheel projects below the pants and the lull
shock-absorber spring travel is always available. The rigid,
non-swiveling 16 by 7 tail wheel makes it practically impossible
to ground loop.
Wings have steel spars, ribs spaced six inches
apart, fabric-covered, and are externally braced with true
streamline wires. Long, tapered elliptical tips are removable.
The resistance of the heattreated I struts is much less than
that of the customary N struts.
The tail, an integral unit, is fastened to the fuselage with
ball bearings. There are no swivels in the wires or masts
in the fin. The electrically operated stabilizer control moves
the whole tail about ball-hearing hinges.
Cable controls are used throughout, and all movable parts
are mounted on double-seal ball bearings. Each aileron, on
the lower wing only, is controlled by an independent system
requiring no balance cables. Double elevator cables are used,
each cable capable of carrying full design load. The control
column hinges on heavy roller bearings.
Two heat-treated trusses below the fuselage lower longerons
eliminate the necessity for cross tubes in the passenger and
luggage compartments. Trusses carry all large loads, from
the landing gear, fuel tanks, pilot and passengers, control
column and control column stops. The interior of the cabin
is furnished with all the necessities for luxurious air travel-adjustable
front seats, deep, wide rear seats and cushions; full-vision
windows, ventilators,- heaters and radio equipment. Unusually
large doors on each side of the cabin allow easy entrance
to front and rear seats and provide good emergency exits.
The bent laminated glass windshield, made in two halves, conforms
to the shape of the fuselage and provides the pilot with full-range
vision.
Fuel is fed the carburetor by an engine driven fuel pump.
An emergency hand fuel pump below the floor, operated by remote
control, insures its being primed at all times.
All wheels have roller bearings. The tail wheel has no shock
absorbers or swivel joints and should require little attention.
Landing-gear joints have large, easily removable steel alloy
bushings lubricated from oil reservoirs holding enough oil
to last a year. All wheels may be removed without touching
the fairing around them. For engine servicing, the rear section
of the N.A.C.A. cowl can he opened easily; the nose section
does not have to be removed.
Standard equipment includes a Smith controllable-pitch propeller,
radio receiving set, five parachute flares, landing lights,
starter, generator, battery, electric fuel gauges, cylinder-head
temperature gauge, oil-pressure, oil-temperature and fuel-pressure
gauges, tachometer, airspeed, rate-of-climb, compass, bank-andturn,
altimeter, primer pump, booster coil, ammeter, clock, fire
extinguisher and first aid kit.
For the owner who desires full parachute equipment, seats
as comfortable as the standard seats can be furnished with
the chutes built in as part of the upholstery. The development
of these seats was made possible through the cooperation of
the Switlik Parachute & Equipment Co.
As stated in the
1932 release..
Specifications with Full Load (sea level)
Wing span:34 feet 4 inches
Length overall: 24 feet
Height overall: 8 feet 7.5 inches
Wing area (inc. 34 area of body) .. 300 sq. ft.
Fuel capacity: 145 gallons
Weight empty: 2700 pounds
Weight of baggage: 175 pounds
Useful load: 1800 pounds
Gross weight: 4300 pounds
Wing loading 13 pounds per square foot
Power loading 10.7 pounds per horsepower
High speed 201.2 miles per hour
Cruising speed (1873 r.p.m.).. 170 ml. per hr.
Landing speed: 60-65 miles per hr.
Cruising range: 1000 miles
Rate of climb: 1600 feet per minute
Service ceiling: 21,300 feet
Fuel consumption: (full throt.) .41 gal. per hr.
Fuel consump: (cruising) 23 gal. per hr. |
Lastly, and to sum it all up,,
The Staggerwing was designed for high-class, high-speed executive
travel. It was well suited for this purpose, as it swiftly flew
five people in sheer comfort. This retractable gear reverse-stagger
biplane was faster than most military aircraft in use when the design
was introduced. Besides speed, the Staggerwing offers stylish lines,
a roomy cockpit, and good flying characteristics, which rank it
(together with the Ryan
STA, the Bucker Jungmeister, and the Waco Taperwing) as an "ultra
classic". Today, this model Beech is one of the most expensive
of all antique airplanes to purchase!
Important Links:
There is an excellent museum
dedicated exclusively to the Staggerwing in Tullahoma, Tennessee.
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